Documentation

Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Limits.Shapes.WideEqualizers

Wide equalizers and wide coequalizers #

This file defines wide (co)equalizers as special cases of (co)limits.

A wide equalizer for the family of morphisms X ⟶ Y indexed by J is the categorical generalization of the subobject {a ∈ A | ∀ j₁ j₂, f(j₁, a) = f(j₂, a)}. Note that if J has fewer than two morphisms this condition is trivial, so some lemmas and definitions assume J is nonempty.

Main definitions #

Each of these has a dual.

Main statements #

Implementation notes #

As with the other special shapes in the limits library, all the definitions here are given as abbreviations of the general statements for limits, so all the simp lemmas and theorems about general limits can be used.

References #

The type of objects for the diagram indexing a wide (co)equalizer.

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    • CategoryTheory.Limits.instInhabitedWalkingParallelFamily = { default := CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero }

    The type family of morphisms for the diagram indexing a wide (co)equalizer.

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      • CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.instDecidableEqHom = CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.decEqHom✝
      instance CategoryTheory.Limits.instInhabitedHomZero (J : Type v) :
      Inhabited (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.Hom J CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero)

      Satisfying the inhabited linter

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      Composition of morphisms in the indexing diagram for wide (co)equalizers.

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        • CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.category = CategoryTheory.Category.mk

        parallelFamily f is the diagram in C consisting of the given family of morphisms, each with common domain and codomain.

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          theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.parallelFamily_obj_zero {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} (f : J(X Y)) :
          (CategoryTheory.Limits.parallelFamily f).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero = X
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          theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.parallelFamily_obj_one {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} (f : J(X Y)) :
          (CategoryTheory.Limits.parallelFamily f).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one = Y

          Every functor indexing a wide (co)equalizer is naturally isomorphic (actually, equal) to a parallelFamily

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            WalkingParallelPair as a category is equivalent to a special case of WalkingParallelFamily.

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              abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} (f : J(X Y)) :
              Type (max (max w u) v)

              A trident on f is just a Cone (parallelFamily f).

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                abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} (f : J(X Y)) :
                Type (max (max w u) v)

                A cotrident on f and g is just a Cocone (parallelFamily f).

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                  abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident f) :
                  ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj t.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero (CategoryTheory.Limits.parallelFamily f).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero

                  A trident t on the parallel family f : J → (X ⟶ Y) consists of two morphisms t.π.app zero : t.X ⟶ X and t.π.app one : t.X ⟶ Y. Of these, only the first one is interesting, and we give it the shorter name Trident.ι t.

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                    abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident f) :
                    (CategoryTheory.Limits.parallelFamily f).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj t.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one

                    A cotrident t on the parallel family f : J → (X ⟶ Y) consists of two morphisms t.ι.app zero : X ⟶ t.X and t.ι.app one : Y ⟶ t.X. Of these, only the second one is interesting, and we give it the shorter name Cotrident.π t.

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                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι_eq_app_zero {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident f) :
                      CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι t = t.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero
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                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π_eq_app_one {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident f) :
                      CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π t = t.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one
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                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.app_zero_assoc {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident f) (j : J) {Z : C} (h : Y Z) :
                      CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero) (CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j) h) = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one) h
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                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.app_zero {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident f) (j : J) :
                      CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero) (f j) = s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one
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                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.app_one_assoc {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident f) (j : J) {Z : C} (h : ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj s.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one Z) :
                      CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j) (CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one) h) = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero) h
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                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.app_one {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident f) (j : J) :
                      CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j) (s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one) = s.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero
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                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ofι_pt {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {P : C} (ι : P X) (w : ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp ι (f j₁) = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp ι (f j₂)) :
                      def CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ofι {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {P : C} (ι : P X) (w : ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp ι (f j₁) = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp ι (f j₂)) :

                      A trident on f : J → (X ⟶ Y) is determined by the morphism ι : P ⟶ X satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, ι ≫ f j₁ = ι ≫ f j₂.

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                        theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.ofπ_pt {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {P : C} (π : Y P) (w : ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₁) π = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₂) π) :
                        def CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.ofπ {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {P : C} (π : Y P) (w : ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₁) π = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₂) π) :

                        A cotrident on f : J → (X ⟶ Y) is determined by the morphism π : Y ⟶ P satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, f j₁ ≫ π = f j₂ ≫ π.

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                          theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι_ofι {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {P : C} (ι : P X) (w : ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp ι (f j₁) = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp ι (f j₂)) :
                          theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π_ofπ {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {P : C} (π : Y P) (w : ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₁) π = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₂) π) :

                          To check whether two maps are equalized by both maps of a trident, it suffices to check it for the first map

                          To check whether two maps are coequalized by both maps of a cotrident, it suffices to check it for the second map

                          If s is a limit trident over f, then a morphism k : W ⟶ X satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, k ≫ f j₁ = k ≫ f j₂ induces a morphism l : W ⟶ s.X such that l ≫ Trident.ι s = k.

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                            If s is a colimit cotrident over f, then a morphism k : Y ⟶ W satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, f j₁ ≫ k = f j₂ ≫ k induces a morphism l : s.X ⟶ W such that Cotrident.π s ≫ l = k.

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                              This is a slightly more convenient method to verify that a trident is a limit cone. It only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content

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                                def CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.IsLimit.mk' {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] (t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident f) (create : (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident f) → { l : ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj s.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj t.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero // CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp l (CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι t) = CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι s ∀ {m : ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj s.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj t.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.zero}, CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp m (CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι t) = CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.ι sm = l }) :

                                This is another convenient method to verify that a trident is a limit cone. It only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content, and allows access to the same s for all parts.

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                                  This is a slightly more convenient method to verify that a cotrident is a colimit cocone. It only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content

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                                    def CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.IsColimit.mk' {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] (t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident f) (create : (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident f) → { l : t.pt s.pt // CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π t) l = CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π s ∀ {m : ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj t.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one ((CategoryTheory.Functor.const (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily J)).toPrefunctor.obj s.pt).toPrefunctor.obj CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one}, CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π t) m = CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.π sm = l }) :

                                    This is another convenient method to verify that a cotrident is a colimit cocone. It only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content, and allows access to the same s for all parts.

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                                      def CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident.IsLimit.homIso {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Trident f} (ht : CategoryTheory.Limits.IsLimit t) (Z : C) :
                                      (Z t.pt) { h : Z X // ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp h (f j₁) = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp h (f j₂) }

                                      Given a limit cone for the family f : J → (X ⟶ Y), for any Z, morphisms from Z to its point are in bijection with morphisms h : Z ⟶ X such that ∀ j₁ j₂, h ≫ f j₁ = h ≫ f j₂. Further, this bijection is natural in Z: see Trident.Limits.homIso_natural.

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                                        def CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident.IsColimit.homIso {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {t : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cotrident f} (ht : CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit t) (Z : C) :
                                        (t.pt Z) { h : Y Z // ∀ (j₁ j₂ : J), CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₁) h = CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (f j₂) h }

                                        Given a colimit cocone for the family f : J → (X ⟶ Y), for any Z, morphisms from the cocone point to Z are in bijection with morphisms h : Z ⟶ X such that ∀ j₁ j₂, f j₁ ≫ h = f j₂ ≫ h. Further, this bijection is natural in Z: see Cotrident.IsColimit.homIso_natural.

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                                          This is a helper construction that can be useful when verifying that a category has certain wide equalizers. Given F : WalkingParallelFamily ⥤ C, which is really the same as parallelFamily (λ j, F.map (line j)), and a trident on λ j, F.map (line j), we get a cone on F.

                                          If you're thinking about using this, have a look at hasWideEqualizers_of_hasLimit_parallelFamily, which you may find to be an easier way of achieving your goal.

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                                            This is a helper construction that can be useful when verifying that a category has all coequalizers. Given F : WalkingParallelFamily ⥤ C, which is really the same as parallelFamily (fun j ↦ F.map (line j)), and a cotrident on fun j ↦ F.map (line j) we get a cocone on F.

                                            If you're thinking about using this, have a look at hasWideCoequalizers_of_hasColimit_parallelFamily, which you may find to be an easier way of achieving your goal.

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                                              Given F : WalkingParallelFamily ⥤ C, which is really the same as parallelFamily (fun j ↦ F.map (line j)) and a cone on F, we get a trident on fun j ↦ F.map (line j).

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                                                Given F : WalkingParallelFamily ⥤ C, which is really the same as parallelFamily (F.map left) (F.map right) and a cocone on F, we get a cotrident on fun j ↦ F.map (line j).

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                                                  Helper function for constructing morphisms between wide equalizer tridents.

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                                                    To construct an isomorphism between tridents, it suffices to give an isomorphism between the cone points and check that it commutes with the ι morphisms.

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                                                      To construct an isomorphism between cotridents, it suffices to give an isomorphism between the cocone points and check that it commutes with the π morphisms.

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                                                        abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.HasWideEqualizer {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} (f : J(X Y)) :

                                                        HasWideEqualizer f represents a particular choice of limiting cone for the parallel family of morphisms f.

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                                                          If a wide equalizer of f exists, we can access an arbitrary choice of such by saying wideEqualizer f.

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                                                            If a wide equalizer of f exists, we can access the inclusion wideEqualizer f ⟶ X by saying wideEqualizer.ι f.

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                                                              A morphism k : W ⟶ X satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, k ≫ f j₁ = k ≫ f j₂ factors through the wide equalizer of f via wideEqualizer.lift : W ⟶ wideEqualizer f.

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                                                                A morphism k : W ⟶ X satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, k ≫ f j₁ = k ≫ f j₂ induces a morphism l : W ⟶ wideEqualizer f satisfying l ≫ wideEqualizer.ι f = k.

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                                                                  abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.HasWideCoequalizer {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} (f : J(X Y)) :

                                                                  HasWideCoequalizer f g represents a particular choice of colimiting cocone for the parallel family of morphisms f.

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                                                                    If a wide coequalizer of f, we can access an arbitrary choice of such by saying wideCoequalizer f.

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                                                                      If a wideCoequalizer of f exists, we can access the corresponding projection by saying wideCoequalizer.π f.

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                                                                        An arbitrary choice of coequalizer cocone for a parallel family f.

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                                                                          Any morphism k : Y ⟶ W satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, f j₁ ≫ k = f j₂ ≫ k factors through the wide coequalizer of f via wideCoequalizer.desc : wideCoequalizer f ⟶ W.

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                                                                            Any morphism k : Y ⟶ W satisfying ∀ j₁ j₂, f j₁ ≫ k = f j₂ ≫ k induces a morphism l : wideCoequalizer f ⟶ W satisfying wideCoequalizer.π ≫ g = l.

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                                                                              theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.epi_of_isColimit_parallelFamily {J : Type w} {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] {X : C} {Y : C} {f : J(X Y)} [Nonempty J] {c : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cocone (CategoryTheory.Limits.parallelFamily f)} (i : CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit c) :
                                                                              CategoryTheory.Epi (c.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelFamily.one)

                                                                              The wide coequalizer morphism in any colimit cocone is an epimorphism.

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                                                                              HasWideEqualizers represents a choice of wide equalizer for every family of morphisms

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                                                                                HasWideCoequalizers represents a choice of wide coequalizer for every family of morphisms

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